People generally want the ability to use their favorite apps on all of their devices and in any orientation.In iOS, interface elements and layouts can be configured to automatically change shape and size on different devices, during multitasking on iPad, in split view, and when the screen is rotated.It’s essential that you plan ahead and design an app that provides a great experience in any context.Maintain focus on the current content during context changes.Content is your highest priority.Changing focus when the environment changes can be disorienting, frustrating, and make people feel like they’ve lost control of the app.Ensure primary content is clear at its default size.People shouldn’t have to scroll horizontally to read important text, or zoom to see primary images, unless they choose to change the size.Maintain an overall consistent appearance throughout your app.In general, elements with similar functions should look similar.Use visual weight and balance to convey importance.

Large items catch the eye and appear more important than smaller ones.Larger items are also easier to tap, which is especially important when an app is used in distracting surroundings, such as in the kitchen or a gym.In general, place principal items in the upper half of the screen and—in a left-to-right reading context—near the left side of the screen.Use alignment to ease scanning and to communicate organization and hierarchy.Alignment makes an app look neat and organized, helps people focus while scrolling, and makes it easier to find information.Indentation and alignment can also indicate how groups of content are related.Avoid gratuitous layout changes.Just because someone rotates a device doesn’t mean the entire layout needs to change.For example, if your app shows a grid of images in portrait mode, it doesn’t have to present the same images as a list in landscape mode.Instead, it might simply adjust the dimensions of the grid.Try to maintain a comparable experience in all contexts.

If possible, support both portrait and landscape orientations.People prefer to use apps in different orientations, so it’s best when you can fulfill that expectation.If your app supports only one orientation, support both variants.If it’s essential that your app run in a single orientation, make sure it supports both orientation variants.vapor shop in columbia mdFor example, if your app only runs in landscape mode, it should be usable regardless of whether the Home button is on the left or the right.vaporizer threadsIf the device is rotated 180 degrees while using your app, your app should respond by rotating its content 180 degrees.vaporizer for baby allergiesIf your app doesn't rotate automatically when someone holds the device wrong, they'll know instinctively to rotate it.iqos leitsystem

You don't need to tell them.Customize your app’s response to rotation according to context.A game that lets people move a character by rotating the device, for example, probably shouldn’t switch orientations during gameplay.It could, however, display menus and intro sequences based on the current orientation.iqos zigaretten kaufenProvide ample spacing for interactive elements.ios drink pricesTry to maintain a minimum tappable area of 44pt x 44pt for all controls.Be prepared for text size changes.People expect most apps to respond appropriately when they choose a different text size in Settings.To accommodate some text-size changes, you might need to adjust the layout.For more information about text usage in your app, see Typography.For developer guidance on adaptivity, see Auto Layout Guide.If your app includes tasks or modes that can’t be represented by a system icon (see System Icons), or if the system icons don’t match your app’s style, you can create your own icons.

A custom icon, sometimes called a template, discards color information and uses a mask to produce the appearance you see onscreen in a navigation bar, tab bar, toolbar, or Home screen quick action.Create simple, recognizable designs.Too many details can make an icon appear sloppy or unreadable.Strive for a design most people will interpret correctly and won’t find offensive.Design a solid color icon with transparency, anti-aliasing, and no drop shadow.iOS ignores all color information, so there’s no need to use more than one fill color.Allow transparency to define the shape of the icon.Keep your icons consistent.Whether you use only custom icons or mix custom and system icons, all icons in your app should be the same in terms of size, level of detail, perspective, and stroke weight.If you want an icon to look like it's related to the iOS icon family, use a very thin stroke to draw it.A 1pt stroke (2px for @2x resolution) works well for most icons.Provide two versions of custom tab bar icons.

Provide icons for both the selected and unselected states.The selected icon is often a filled-in version of the unselected icon, but some designs call for variations to this approach.For example, Apple apps sometimes invert icon interiors, increase or reduce strokes, use color variations, and enclose the icon within a shape, such as a circle.Don’t use text in a tab bar icon.If you need to show text, display a title beneath the tab and adjust its placement accordingly.Don’t use replicas of Apple hardware products.Apple products are copyrighted and can’t be reproduced in your icons or images.In general, avoid displaying replicas of devices because hardware designs tend to change frequently and can make your icon look dated.Provide alternative text labels for icons.Alternative text labels aren’t visible onscreen, but they let VoiceOver audibly describe what's onscreen, making navigation easier for people with visual impairments.These guidelines describe how to design apps that follow the official HIG for iOS by Apple, not what you can do with custom controls.

Sometimes it makes sense to break the rules.The purpose of this document is to guide you, not to provide solutions for complex and unique design problems.This unofficial documentation will be updated and extended regularly.Device Retina Portrait (px) Landscape (px) iPhone 7+ 1080 x 1920 1920 x1080 iPhone 7 750 x 1334 1334 x 750 iPhone 6+ 1080 x 1920 1920 x1080 iPhone 6 750 x 1334 1334 x 750 iPhone 5, 6SE 640 x 1136 1136 x 640 iPhone 4 640 x 960 960 x 640 iPhone 320 x 480 480 x 320 iPad Air / Retina iPad 1536 x 2048 2048 x 1536 iPad Pro 2048 x 2732 2732 x 2048 iPad Mini 1536 x 2048 2048 x 1536 iPad 768 x 1024 1024 x 768 Pixels are the smallest physical element that we can control on a digital display.The more pixels can be fitted into a specific screen size, the higher the PPI (pixels-per-inch), and the clearer the rendered content becomes.

Points are a resolution-independent measurement.Depending on the screens pixel density, a point can contain multiple pixels (e.g., 1 pt contains 2 x 2 pixels on a regular retina display).How pixel density works and how it affects your designs.Read more about it on Peter Nowell's Blog.When you are designing for various display types, you should think in points, but design in pixels.This means you will still need to export all your assets in 3 different resolutions, no matter in which resolution you are designing your app.Note As long as it is not stated otherwise (by appending „px“ to a value), this guide always refers to points when it comes to specific dimensions.If you need the value in pixels, just multiply by 2 for Retina screens or by 3 for Retina HD screens.Device Asset Resolution PPI Display Size iPhone 7+ 401 5.5″ iPhone 7 326 4.7″ iPhone 6+ 401 5.5″ iPhone 6 326 4.7″ iPhone 5, 6SE 326 4.0″ iPhone 4 326 3.5″ iPhone 163 3.5″ iPad Pro 264 12.9″ iPad Air / Retina iPad 264 9.7″ iPad Mini 326 7.9″ iPad Mini 163 7.9″ iPad 132 9.7″ Rendered pixels and physical pixels are equal on all iOS devices, with one exception: the Retina HD screen of the iPhone 6 and 7 Plus.

Because its screen has a lower pixel resolution than what would be a natural @3x resolution, the rendered content is automatically resized to approximately 87% of the original size (from 2208 x 1242 pixels to fit the display resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels).The difference between displays of iPhone 5S, 6 and 6+.Device App Icon AppStore Icon Spotlight Settings iPhone 6+, 7+ 180x180 px 1024x1024 px 120x120 px 87x87 px iPhone 120x120 px 1024x1024 px 80x80 px 58x58 px Old iPhones 57x57 px 1024x1024 px 29x29 px 29x29 px iPad Pro 167x167 px 1024x1024 px 120x120 px 58x58 px Retina iPads 152x152 px 1024x1024 px 80x80 px 58x58 px Old iPads 76x76 px 1024x1024 px 40x40 px 29x29 px App icons assets are generally added to the application package as plain, squared PNG files in various dimensions.When rendered on a device, iOS applies various effects to app icons.

The old simple radii values for rounded corners are gone.Since iOS 7, app icons have been using the shape of a superellipse.Since Apple did not release an official template of the shape, you will have to use one of the unofficial templates out there that replicate the shape in more or less accurate ways.The rounded corners should not be included in the final exported assets, but you might need them in your design process if you want to add effects, such as a stroke or shadows, that are aligned to the corner of the icon.Warning If you are masking your icon asset with the superellipse shape because you want to apply effects aligned to the corners, make sure not to use any transparency for the area outside the mask.Transparency is not supported at all for app icons and instead is rendered as plain black.If your mask is not 100% accurate, users will see small black fragments on the rounded edges.It’s recommend to set the background of the canvas to be the same as the app icon background.

If the app icon you are using has a white background, a 1 pixel gray border stroke will be applied to make it easier to recognize the edges of the icon.This is only done in the settings app (if your application is listed there) and the AppStore.On older iOS versions, these effects are applied automatically: rounded corners (not the same shape as iOS 7+ icons are using), drop shadows on the home screen and a gloss effect that can be disabled.Apple developed a golden ratio grid system that can be used to size and align elements on your icon correctly.Nevertheless, even Apple designers are not following the grid system very strictly with the native apps’ icons.Feel free to break the rules if your icon simply works better without aligning all elements strictly to the grid.The default system font on all iOS versions previous iOS 9 is Helvetica Neue.With the release of iOS 9, Apple introduced a brand new font called San Francisco, which replaced Helvetica Neue as the default font.San Francisco comes in two shapes: „SF UI Display“ and „SF UI Text“, while „Display“ is primarly used for UI components, „Text“ features a wider letter spacing and should be used for longer texts.

You can download the San Francisco fonts here if you are a member of Apple’s Developer program.In addition to the default font, many alternative font faces are available to use.You can find a complete list of pre-installed typefaces here.Element Size (pt) Weight Spacing (pt) Type Nav Bar Title 17 Medium 0.5 Display Nav Bar Button 17 Regular 0.5 Display Search Bar 13.5 Regular 0 Text Tab Bar Button 10 Regular 0.1 Text Table Header 12.5 Regular 0.25 Text Table Row 16.5 Regular 0 Text Table Row Subline 12 Regular 0 Text Table Footer 12.5 Regular 0.2 Text Action Sheets 20 Regular / Medium 0.5 Display Technically, any True Type Font (.ttf) can be used within an iOS app, but be careful about licenses.It should be safe to use fonts that are completely free for commercial usage.

App licenses for commercial fonts are rarely available, and if they are, securing them can turn out to be somewhat expensive.MyFonts currently offers the biggest collection of fonts that can be licensed for mobile app usage.Since iOS 7, Apple has been using a vibrant color palette for the interface of the OS and pre-installed apps.While you can use the default iOS color palette listed above, you can also (and probably should, if you want to stand out) use your own colors.In iOS apps, icons have always been a great way to support text labels with a visual relationship to the performed action or to replace text completely (often for very common actions such as „New“, „Delete“, etc.).Usually, we are dealing with icons that are part of the Navigation Bar, Tool Bar or Tab Bar.Icons used in bars should always have two different states: the default state in outlined style with a stroke width of 1 or 1.5pt and the active state with a solid color fill.You should never include any additional effects such as a drop-shadow or inner shadows on button icons because these are relicts from previous iOS versions (before the iOS 7 redesign).

Button icons should be drawn in one solid color on a transparent background—the shape of the icon is used as a mask, and the color will be applied programmatically.Icons in the Activity View (also known as Share Popover) used to be designed in outline style, but since iOS 8, Apple has reverted back to solid fill icons on a plain white background.iOS offers a great collection of ready-to-use views and controls that allow app developers to quickly build interfaces.Some elements can be customized to a certain level, but other cannot and probably also should not be.When designing an application for iOS, you should know your set of tools and stick to them whenever possible.However, in some cases, it might be worthwhile to build a custom control because you need a more custom look or want to change the functionality of an already existing control (danger zone).Almost anything is possible,and sometimes it makes sense to break the rules, but always think twice before doing so.The Status Bar contains basic system information such as the current carrier, time, battery status and more.

It’s visually connected to the Navigation Bar and makes use of the same background fill.To match the style of your app and guarantee readability, the content of the status bar comes in two different styles: dark (black) and light (white).It is possible to hide the Status Bar, but think twice before doing so.For example, users might be interested in knowing if they are connected to a WiFi network when the app regularly downloads web content or if Bluetooth is enabled when the app requires a Bluetooth link to third-party hardware.A valid reason to hide the Status Bar is when you want to remove all distractions from a single element, for example, when displaying full screen content such as an image gallery.The navigation bar contains the controls for navigating through the applications views and optionally to manage the content of the current view.It will always appear at the top of the screen, right below the status bar.By default, the background is slightly translucent and blurs content underneath the bar.

The background fill of the bar can be set to a solid color, a gradient or a custom bitmap-pattern.Navigation Bar on iPhone 6 in portrait mode.Navigation Bar on iPhone 4S in landscape mode.The height of the bar is reduced by 12pt, except on iPads.It's also a common practice to hide the status bar in landscape mode.The elements should always follow a specific alignment pattern.A toolbar contains a set of actions for managing or manipulating the content of the current view.On the iPhone, it will always appear aligned at the bottom edge of the screen, while on the iPad, it can also be displayed aligned at the top of the screen.Similarly to the navigation bar, the background fill of toolbars can be modified, is translucent and blurs the underlaying content by default.Toolbars should be used when a specific view requires more than three primary actions that would hardly fit or would look messy in the navigation bar.Search bars come in two different styles by default: prominent and minimal.Both versions do have the same functionality.

Search bars can make use of a prompt — a short sentence to introduce the functionality in the context of the search.For example, „Enter a city, zip code or airport.“ Prominent search bar style, without and with a prompt.To provide even more control over a search query, it is possible to chain the search Bar with a scope bar.The scope bar will use the same style as the search bar and might be useful when there are clearly defined categories for the search results.For example, in a music app, the search results could be filtered again by interpreters, albums or songs.The tab bar is used to allow the user to quickly navigate through the separate views of an application, and it should only be used for this purpose.It always appears at the bottom edge of the screen.By default, its slightly translucent and uses the same system blur for underlaying content as the navigation bar.A tab bar can only contain a fixed maximum number of tabs.Once there are more tabs than the maximum count, the last tab displayed will be replaced by a „More-tab“ that will lead to a list of hidden tabs, with an option to re-order the displayed tabs.

While the maximum amount of tabs displayed is five on iPhones, it’s possible to display up to seven tabs on the iPad while avoiding a more-tab.To notify users about new information on a view, it sometimes makes sense to apply a badge count to a tab bar button.If a view is temporarily disabled, the related tab button should not be completely hidden; instead, it should be faded out to visually communicate the disabled state.Table views are used to display small to large amounts of list style information in a single or multiple columns and with the option to divide several rows into separate sections or to group them.There are two basic table view types that should be used, depending on the type of data you are presenting.A plain table contains a number of rows that can have a header on the top and a footer after the last row.It’s possible to display a vertical navigation on the right edge of the screen to navigate through the table, which makes sense when presenting a big data set that could be sorted in some way (e.g., alphabetically descending).

A grouped table allows you to organize rows in groups.Each group can have a header (best used to describe the context for the group) as well as a footer (good for help text, etc.).A grouped table needs to contain at least one group, and each group needs to contain at least one row.For both table view types, a few styles are available to present the data in a way that allows users to easily scan, read and probably modify it.A table row in default style has an optional image aligned on the left and a title.The subtitle table style enables a small subtitle text underneath the row title.It is useful for further explanations or short descriptions.The value table style allows you to display a specific value that is related to the row title.Similar to the default style, each row can have an image and a title that are both aligned to the left.The title is followed by the right aligned label for the value, which is usually displayed in a slightly more subtle text color than the title.iOS provides various styles of temporary views that can be used to display, edit and manipulate data in a way that fits best in a given situation.

While each temporary view exists for a very specific purpose and each one looks different, all temporary views still have one thing in common: When displayed, it’s the highest index layer on the current view (they appear on top of everything else), and content underneath is overlayed by a translucent black background.An activity view is used to perform specific tasks.These tasks can be default system tasks such as share content via the available options, or they can be completely custom actions.When designing icons for custom task buttons, you should follow the same guidelines as for the active state of bar button icons — solid fill, no effects, on a transparent background.Action Sheets are used to perform one single action from a list of available actions and to force the user of an app to confirm an action or cancel it.In portrait mode (and on small landscape screen resolutions), actions are always displayed as a list of buttons sliding in and staying at the bottom edge of the screen.

In this case, an action sheet should always have a cancel button to close the view and not perform any of the listed actions.When there is enough space available (e.g., on iPad screens), action sheets visually transform into popovers.A button to close the view is not required anymore because tapping a target anywhere outside the popover will close it automatically.The purpose of alerts is to inform the user about critical information and optionally to force the user to make a decision about some action.An alert view does always contain a title text, which should not be longer than one line and one (for pure informational alerts, e.g., „OK“) or two (for alerts that require a decision, e.g., „Send“ and „Cancel“) buttons.Also, you can add a message text, if needed, as well as up to two text input fields, one of which can be a masked input field, which is appropriate for sensitive information like passwords or PINs.The Edit Menu allows users to perform actions such as Copy, Paste, Cut, etc., when an element is selected (text, images, others).

While it is possible to control which operations the user can choose from, the visual appearance of edit menus is set and not configurable unless you build your own completely custom edit menu.Popovers are useful when a specific action requires multiple user inputs before proceeding.A good example is adding an item, which has a few attributes that need to be set before the item can be created.In a horizontal environment, popovers reveal underneath the related control (such as a button) with an arrow pointing to that control while opened.The background of a popover uses a slightly reduced opacity and blurs the content underneath, just as many other UI elements have done since iOS 7.A popover is a powerful temporary view that can contain various objects such as its own navigation bar, table views, maps or web views.When a popover grows in size due to the number of contained elements and reaches the bottom edge of the viewport, it is possible to scroll within the popover.Modals are a useful view for tasks that require multiple commands or inputs by the user.

They appear on top of everything else, and, while open, block interaction with any other interactive elements underneath.The typical modal usually provides: There are three different modal styles available: iOS provides a wide range of controls for basically any required input type you can think of.Listed below you will find the most important (commonly used), but for a full list of the available controls, you should look at the iOS Developer Library.Probably the most used control overall is the good old button.Since iOS 7, the default button design hasn't really looked like a button anymore, but rather more like a plain text link.The button control is highly customizable and allows you to style everything from text style, drop shadows and color to an icon that is either prepended or centered if there is no text label, as well as fully custom backgrounds.Keep in mind that a button can have several states, which should be communicated with visual language: default, highlighted, selected and disabled.

Pickers are used to select one value from a list of available values.The web equivalent would be a select box (which the picker control is also used for when touching a select in Safari).An extended version of picker is the datepicker, which allows the user to scroll through a list of dates and times and select values for (configurable) day, month and time.Left: datepicker displayed inside a table view, right: picker as keyboard.Except for the background color, it is not possible to change the visual style or size (same as keyboard) of a picker control.Most often, they appear at the bottom of the screens, where keyboards appear as well, but it is possible to use them in other positions.A segment control contains a set of segments (at least two) that can be used for things like filtering content or to create tabs for clearly categorized content types.Segment control without and with icons.Each segment can contain a text label or an image (icon), but never both.In addition, using a mixed set of segment types (text and images) in one segment control is not really recommended.

The width of one segment changes automatically based on the number of segments (two segments: 50% of total control width, 5 segments: 20% of total control width).The slider control allows the user to choose one specific value from a range of allowed values.Since choosing a value works pretty smoothly and without any steps, sliders are recommended for selecting an estimated, but not exact, value.For example, a slider would be a good control for setting the sound volume, since the user can hear the difference and can see the difference between loud and very loud, but a text input to set an exact dB value would be impractical.Slider control without and with descriptive icons.It is possible to set icons for the minimum and the maximum value, which are displayed on the start and end edge of the slider control, thereby allowing you to visually embrace the purpose of the slider.Steppers should be used when the user should enter an exact value from a limited range of possible values (e.g., 1-10).