A mosquito-borne disease has reared its head in Karachi, affecting hundreds of people in Malir, Saudabad and Shah Faisal neighborhoods of the city.World Health Organization (WHO) says it’s Chikungunya virus that can become epidemic in the country.Key factsChikungunya is a viral disease transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes.It causes fever and severe joint pain.Other symptoms include muscle pain, headache, nausea, fatigue and rash.Joint pain is often debilitating and can vary in duration.The disease shares some clinical signs with dengue, and can be misdiagnosed in areas where dengue is common.There is no cure for the disease.Treatment is focused on relieving the symptoms.The proximity of mosquito breeding sites to human habitation is a significant risk factor for chikungunya.The disease occurs in Africa, Asia and the Indian subcontinent.In recent decades mosquito vectors of chikungunya have spread to Europe and the Americas.In 2007, disease transmission was reported for the first time in a localized outbreak in north-eastern Italy.

Outbreaks have since been recorded in France and Croatia.Signs and symptomsChikungunya is characterized by an abrupt onset of fever frequently accompanied by joint pain.Other common signs and symptoms include muscle pain, headache, nausea, fatigue and rash.The joint pain is often very debilitating, but usually lasts for a few days or may be prolonged to weeks.Hence the virus can cause acute, subacute or chronic disease.Most patients recover fully, but in some cases joint pain may persist for several months, or even years.Occasional cases of eye, neurological and heart complications have been reported, as well as gastrointestinal complaints.Serious complications are not common, but in older people, the disease can contribute to the cause of death.Often symptoms in infected individuals are mild and the infection may go unrecognized, or be misdiagnosed in areas where dengue occurs.TransmissionChikungunya has been identified in over 60 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas.The virus is transmitted from human to human by the bites of infected female mosquitoes.

Most commonly, the mosquitoes involved are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, two species which can also transmit other mosquito-borne viruses, including dengue.These mosquitoes can be found biting throughout daylight hours, though there may be peaks of activity in the early morning and late afternoon.Both species are found biting outdoors, but Ae.aegypti will also readily feed indoors.After the bite of an infected mosquito, onset of illness occurs usually between 4 and 8 days but can range from 2 to 12 days.Prevention and controlThe proximity of mosquito vector breeding sites to human habitation is a significant risk factor for chikungunya as well as for other diseases that these species transmit.desktop vaporizer vs portablePrevention and control relies heavily on reducing the number of natural and artificial water-filled container habitats that support breeding of the mosquitoes.cheap vaporizer pen liquid

This requires mobilization of affected communities.During outbreaks, insecticides may be sprayed to kill flying mosquitoes, applied to surfaces in and around containers where the mosquitoes land, and used to treat water in containers to kill the immature larvae.For protection during outbreaks of chikungunya, clothing which minimizes skin exposure to the day-biting vectors is advised.Repellents can be applied to exposed skin or to clothing in strict accordance with product label instructions.Repellents should contain DEET (N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide), IR3535 (3-[N-acetyl-N-butyl]-aminopropionic acid ethyl ester) or icaridin (1-piperidinecarboxylic acid, 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-methylpropylester).cost of opening a vape shopFor those who sleep during the daytime, particularly young children, or sick or older people, insecticide-treated mosquito nets afford good protection.e cigarette segamat

Mosquito coils or other insecticide vaporizers may also reduce indoor biting.Basic precautions should be taken by people travelling to risk areas and these include use of repellents, wearing long sleeves and pants and ensuring rooms are fitted with screens to prevent mosquitoes from entering.Story first published: 18th December 2016 Tags: Chikungunya virus ,  karachi ,  outbreak ,  WHO ,  world health organization See Also Bilawal pays moving tribute to Benazir Bhutto on her birthdayJune 21, 2017 3:53 pm Karachi cheers up as weather turns cloudyJune 21, 2017 1:05 pm Video: CCTV footage of Karachi bakery robberyJune 21, 2017 12:50 pm Karachi might face water shortage for another 24 hoursJune 21, 2017 9:56 am Indian girl’s Facebook post congratulating Pakistan goes viralJune 20, 2017 9:39 pm Video: Pakistani fans sing, dance to hilarious song mocking KohliJune 20, 2017 4:50 pme cigarette shop maidstone

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