A heat-not-burn tobacco product (HNB) employs heating, rather than burning, of tobacco.[1]As it starts to heat the tobacco, it generates an aerosol that contains nicotine.[2]These products provide some of the behavioral aspects of smoking.[2]There is no reliable evidence regarding a lowered risk or health benefits.[3]While manufacturers claim they are safer than normal cigarettes, these claims are not supported as of 2016.[1]The products first came to market in 1988, however were not a commercial success.[1]The ubiquitousness of electronic cigarettes and growing dissatisfaction with not providing a throat-hit may present an opportunity for heat-not-burn tobacco products.[1]These products are currently being introduced by large tobacco companies.[4]Contents 1 2 3 4 5 Claims of lowered risk or health benefits for heat-not-burn tobacco products are based on industry-funded research, but reliable independent research is not available to support these claims.[3]

Some scientists believe that heat-not-burn tobacco products to be as dangerous as traditional cigarettes.[3]Carlos Jiménez, director of research on smoking at the Spanish Society of Pneumonology and Thoracic Surgery stated in 2017 that these products are still harmful.[5]Action on Smoking and Health stated in 2016 that due to "the tobacco industry's long record of deceit" regarding the health risks involving smoking, it is important to conduct independent studies into the health effects of these products.[6]da vinci vaporizer forumMarketing slogans like "heat-not-burn" cannot be a substitute for science.[7]twister portable vaporizer reviewThe first commercial heat-not-burn product was the R.J.the best vapor cigarette

Reynolds Premier,[8] a smokeless cigarette launched in 1988 and described as difficult to use.[9]Many smokers disliked the taste.[10]It was shaped like a traditional cigarette, and when heated the smoldered charcoal moved past processed tobacco containing more than 50 percent glycerin to create an aerosol of nicotine.[11]It did require some combustion.[12]In 1989,[13] after spending $325 million,[14] R.J.vaporizer e cig vs cigaretteReynolds pulled it from the market months later after organisations recommended to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to restrict it or classify it as a drug.[15]e cigarette incitationThe Premier product concept went on to be further developed and re-launched as Eclipse[13] in the mid-1990s,[16] and was available in limited distribution as of 2015.[17]kazoo vaporizer review

Reynolds American stated that the Revo was a "repositioning" of its Eclipse.[18]Reynolds' Revo was withdrawn in 2015.[17]Philip Morris International (PMI) launched a cigarette in 1998 that was placed into an electronic heating device as Accord.[19]The battery-powered product was the size of a pager.[20]In 2007 PMI launched Heatbar.[21]The Heatbar was around the size of a mobile phone and heated specifically designed cigarettes, rather than burning them.[22]iqos marlboroThe only benefit was to lower second-hand smoke, which lead to Heatbar being discontinued.[23]iqos marlboro pantipHeatbar did not obtain any significant user reception.[24]iqos tutunAccord and Heatbar are predecessors of PMI's heat-not-burn tobacco products.[25]PMI anticipates a future without traditional cigarettes, but campaigners and industry analysts call into question the probability of traditional cigarettes being dissolved, by either e-cigarettes or other products like iQOS.[26]

The products use systems where tobacco is not burning, but rather tobacco constituents are heated and aerosolized.[2]They are designed to be like their combustible counterparts.[18]A tobacco stick along with a heating element will provide the user a choice across the different heat-not-burn tobacco products available.[18]Another type of heat-not-burn tobacco product is the loose-leaf tobacco vaporizer that entails putting loose-leaf tobacco into a chamber, which is electrically heated using an element.[27]3T Organic red, gold and menthol products.The 3T from Vapor Tobacco Manufacturing was launched in December 2014.[28]The product employs a patented, aqueous system whereby desired components are extracted into water.[29]The liquid is mixed with glycerin and aerosolized by an electronic heating system.[29]Their organic liquids are made from organic tobacco, organic glycerin, and water.[28]In 2016 British American Tobacco (BAT) launched a heat-not-burn product called glo in Japan.[30]It uses a heating element with a tobacco stick.[18]

In May 2017 they released i-glo in Canada.[31]The glo iFuse debuted in Romania by BAT in 2015.[18]It uses a cartridge with a tobacco stick and a flavored nicotine liquid.[18]Bonnie Herzog, a senior analyst at Wells Fargo Securities stated that the proposed acquisition of R. J. Reynolds by BAT in 2016 would let them catch up in the technology competition.[32]iQOS, consisting of charger, holder, and tobacco stick.The introduction of iQOS (I-Quit-Ordinary-Smoking[7]) was announced on June 26, 2014.[33]The product is marketed by Philip Morris International (PMI) under the Marlboro and Parliament brands.[34]Initially launched in 2014 in Nagoya, Japan and Milan, Italy, iQOS is being gradually rolled out to other countries.[35]By end of 2016 it was available in over 20 countries, with expansion plans into several more in 2017 as manufacturing capacity increases.[36]PMI will likely launch its iQOS heat-not-burn product in the US market in 2017.[37]PMI has projected that when 30 billions units are sold, iQOS would increase profits by $70 million.[38]

To date, total investments made in the development and assessment of these products have exceeded $3 billion.[39]Papastratos, PMI's division in Greece, intends to revamp a cigarette factory into a manufacturer of tobacco sticks for use with iQOS products.[40]The product consists of a charger around the size of a mobile phone and a holder that looks like a pen.[41]The disposable tobacco stick that has been dipped in propylene glycol,[7] is inserted into the holder which then heats it to temperatures up to 350 °C.[19]The aerosol released contains nicotine, tobacco flavours and other chemicals.[2]The amount of nicotine provided may be a little strong for light cigarette smokers.[42]The sticks are available in regular, balanced regular, menthol and mint flavor.[42]Users have reported less smell and odour on clothing.[12]PMI asserts that iQOS generates no smoke due to the tobacco does not combust and the stick is heated rather than burned.[7]Even without fire, smoke can be produced.[7]The smoke generated by iQOS contains substances from pyrolysis and thermogenic degradation that are identical to the constituents found in traditional tobacco cigarette smoke.[7]

In December 2016, PMI submitted an application to the US FDA for iQOS to be authorized as a modified risk tobacco product.[43]PMI intends to convert its customers in Japan to using heat-not-burn products.[44]iQOS is sold as an alternative to cigarettes.[45]PMI understands that its iQOS product will be as addictive as tobacco smoking.[6]iQOS sells with a warning that the best option is to avoid tobacco use altogether.[46]Abbreviations: NA, not analyzed; ND, not detected.[7]:1The techniques applied were presented earlier in Varlet et al([47]) to analyze volatile organic compounds and nicotine.[7]:2Due to there being one duplicate test, no SD can be determined.[7]:3The values presented were illustrated from Vu et al([48]) for the ISO smoking regimen and for an average of the 35 highest selling US traditional cigarette brands.[7]:4Carbon dioxide was assessed with a Testo 535 (Testo), and carbon monoxide and nitric oxide were assessed with a Pac 7000 that identified carbon monoxide (Draeger).[7]

The apparatus calculated the smoke whenever generated from the syringe pump.[7]∗A 2017 analysis comparing iQOS to popular US sold traditional cigarettes.[7]iSmoke OneHitter by iSmoke was launched in 2015.[49]It can be used as a loose-leaf tobacco vaporizer.[50]It has a chamber that can be filled with up to 800-milligrams of tobacco.[50]Korea Tobacco & Ginseng Corporation announced on June 8, 2017 they will launching a heat-not-burn tobacco product in September 2017.[51]PAX Labs, formerly known as Ploom,[52] sells PAX vaporizers.[53]In 2010 they launched Ploom, a butane-powered product used for the heating tobacco or botanical products.[54]Later models replaced butane heating with an electric system.[55]After its initial partnership with Japan Tobacco was abandoned, the company became known as Pax Labs.[56]The Pax 2 uses loose-leaf tobacco.[18]The surface of the Pax 2 remains cool, while the oven heats to temperatures up to 455 °F.[57]It has four temperature options.[57]In January 2016 Japan Tobacco (JT) released Ploom TECH.[58]

JT's Ploom has been withdrawn from the US.[18]The Ploom brand, however, remained with JT and the product itself has been replaced with a different product called Ploom Tech, in which an aerosol passes through a capsule of granulated tobacco leaves.[59]Sales are being expanded throughout Japan in 2017.[60]They intend to spend $500 million to increase their heated tobacco manufacturing capacity by late 2018.[61]V2 originally released their vaporizer line named V2 Pro in July 2014.[62]The initial product was named Series 3.[62]Series 3 comes with 3 cartridges including a loose-leaf cartridge, which heats the material by conduction.[63]It comes with a battery and USB changer, among other things.[63]Pro Series 3X also by V2 can be used with dry material.[64]It has three different air flow options that can be adjusted with a slight turn of the mouthpiece.[64]Series 7 comes with a loose-leaf cartridge, among other things.[65]Series 7 lets the user change the temperature by using a single button.[62]

Heat-not-burn tobacco products are regulated in the US under the Deeming Tobacco Products To Be Subject to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as Amended by the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, 2016.[27]As of 2016, 19 countries have permitted the sale of iQOS.[7]Advertisement for the iQOS, but not iQOS' tobacco stick, is not regulated under the European Union Tobacco Products Directive.[18]Heat-not-burn tobacco products are not restricted for sale in Israel by the Ministry of Health.[66]Ploom and iQOS are governed by the Tobacco Industries Act regulations as tobacco products in Japan.[67]iQOS's refill sticks are not legal for sale in New Zealand by the Ministry of Health.[68]Emerging tobacco products are banned in Singapore by the Ministry of Health.[69]Electronic tobacco products using dry material are regulated as e-cigarettes in South Korea by the Ministry of Health and Welfare.[70]Action on Smoking and Health stated in 2016 that "unless and until independent evidence shows that IQOS and similar products are substantially less harmful than smoking then these products should be regulated in the same way as other tobacco products."[6]

Tobacco control activist Stanton Glantz stated that the US FDA should halt new tobacco products until tobacco companies stop selling traditional cigarettes.[71]"There is concern that heat-not-burn tobacco will skirt local ordinances that prevent smoking in public areas," Mitchell H. Katz, director of the Los Angeles County Health Agency, wrote in 2017 via email.[72]^ a b c d e ^ a b c d ^ a b c ^ a b ^ ^ a b c ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ a b ^ a b ^ ^ ^ ^ a b ^ a b c d e f g h i ^ a b ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ a b ^ a b ^ a b ^ a b ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ a b ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ a b ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ a b ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ a b c ^ a b ^ a b ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^